Clinical examination
The dispensary and preventive method of observation is a system of preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at strengthening the dental health of the population, actively identifying dental diseases in the early stages, systematic monitoring of the state of the oral cavity of people taken for dispensary observation, providing them with timely medical care, eliminating the causes, causing these diseases, maintaining their ability to work.
What is dispensary?
Clinical examination of dental patients is a complex method of early detection of patients in need of long-term and dynamic observation, highly qualified examination and treatment of them, individual and group, social and biomedical prevention of dental diseases.
The basic principles of the system of medical examination of dental patients are declared by the following positions:
1. Planning - establishing the sequence and optimal timing of organizational,
treatment-and-prophylactic and sanitary-hygienic measures.
2. Complexity: a) the direction of therapeutic measures not only to eliminate the local process, but also to the general improvement of the body; b) carrying out activities to improve the environment; c) carrying out recreational activities together with pediatricians, therapists, hygienists, doctors of other specialties, paramedical personnel and the public.
3. The choice of the leading link from the general complex of measures (special attention is paid to those therapeutic and preventive measures that are decisive in this type of pathology).
4. A differentiated approach to the appointment of health measures, taking into account: the level and structure of dental morbidity and the factors that cause them; the degree of provision of the population with doctors and the state of the material and technical base of the dental service; optimal use of available forces and means.
Patients with actively proceeding dental caries, as well as non-carious lesions of the teeth, may be under dispensary observation; periodontal and oral mucosa diseases; odontogenic neuralgia and trigeminal neuritis; chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws and chronic odontogenic sinusitis; some precancerous and malignant diseases of the face and organs of the oral cavity; congenital cleft lip and palate; anomalies of development and deformation of the jaws and others.
What is planning?
Planning is a system of measures to prevent the occurrence and development of dental diseases.
The purpose of prevention is to ensure the dental health of a person.
Primary prevention is a system of measures aimed at preventing dental diseases by eliminating the causes and conditions of their occurrence, as well as increasing the body's resistance to the effects of adverse factors in the natural, industrial and domestic environment.
Secondary prevention is a set of measures aimed at preventing relapses and complications of diseases.
Tertiary prevention is a system of measures aimed at the rehabilitation of the dental status by preserving the functionality of the organs and tissues of the maxillofacial region, mainly by the replacement method.
Thus, the primary task is to preserve health, if this failed and the disease developed, then the second task is to stop it, prevent the occurrence and development of its complications, and in the future, relapses. If this was not possible or was possible only in a radical way, that is, by surgical intervention, then at the third stage we must restore the lost function, more often this is possible due to orthopedic replacement of lost teeth with prostheses.
These provisions can be illustrated by the following example:
— Prevention of the development of dental caries refers to the primary prevention of dental diseases.
- Prevention of the development of complications of dental caries in the form of pulpitis and periodontitis refers to secondary prevention.
- If, as a result of unsuccessful treatment of periodontitis and its complications, it was necessary to remove a tooth and replace the empty space with a prosthesis, then this refers to tertiary prevention.
Thus, it becomes obvious that each individual should be interested, first of all, in the primary prevention of dental diseases, which also includes therapeutic conservative measures.
Poster: medical examination. Preventive medical examination is carried out annually. 18-39 years old — once every 3 years. Over 40 years old and other categories of citizens (pensioners and working citizens 5 years or less before reaching retirement age) — annually. Stage 1 — Preventive medical examination (PME). Questionnaire >18 years old — once a year. Blood pressure measurement >18 years old — once a year. Chest fluorography >18 years old — once every 2 years. Resting ECG during the first PME, then >35 years — once a year. Appointment (examination) by a district therapist (general practitioner) with an examination to identify the localization of oncological diseases and a brief preventive consultation. Determination of relative cardiovascular risk 18-39 years old — once a year. And absolute cardiovascular risk 40-64 years — once a year. Waist circumference measurement, body mass index calculation based on anthropometry >18 years — once a year. Determination of total cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood >18 years — once a year. Intraocular pressure measurement At the first PMO, then >40 years — once a year. 18 — 39 years Once every 3 years — examination of the skin, mucous membranes of the lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes. 40-64 years Once a year — esophagogastroduodenoscopy at the age of 45; determination of prostate-specific antigen in the blood (at the age of 45, 50, 55, 60 and 64 years); study of feces for occult blood by an immunochemical qualitative or quantitative method (once every 2 years); examination of the skin, mucous membranes of the lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes. > 65 years old 1 time per year - stool test for occult blood using an immunochemical qualitative or quantitative method up to 75 years old (1 time per year); examination of the skin, mucous membranes of the lips and oral cavity, palpation of the thyroid gland, lymph nodes. For additional examination and clarification of the diagnosis, the 2nd stage of the medical examination is carried out. Full list of examinations
depends on gender, age, presence of deviations based on the results of the conducted studies, as well as the results of the questionnaire. It is necessary to contact a medical organization at the place of residence, have a passport and compulsory medical insurance policy with you. Working citizens are provided with paid leave from work in the amount of 1 working day for undergoing a medical examination (Article 185.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation)
Poster: IF YOU HAVE ALREADY COME, get a medical examination. Many serious diseases can develop for a long time without symptoms. For example, cancer detected at an early stage is curable in 90% cases. It is normal and very correct to worry about your health before the disease starts to bother you. Get a routine medical examination. Free of charge. At your clinic, having your passport with you.
| Preventive medical examination | Clinical examination |
| - blood pressure measurement - determination of cholesterol and blood glucose levels - determination of body mass index — fluorography of the lungs (once every 2 years) — ECG (35+) - examination by a paramedic/obstetrician (for women) — measurement of intraocular pressure (40+) | - taking a smear and cytological examination (for women) (from 16 to 64 years old, once every 3 years) — mammography (for women) (40-75 years, once every 2 years) - esophagogastroduodenoscopy (45 years) - determination of prostate-specific antigen (for men) (at 45, 50, 55, 60 and 64 years of age) — fecal occult blood test (from age 40 once every 2 years, after age 65 — annually) |
According to the law (Article 185.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation), the employer is obliged to provide a paid day for undergoing a medical examination.